shp 文件数据入库的几种解决思路

最近因为工作上的项目需求，研究了下如何将shp文件里面的空间数据入库。

oracle提供oracle.spatial.util.SampleShapefileToJGeomFeature

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/appdev.112/e11830/sdo_shapefile_converter.htm#SPATL1427

这是由oracle 提供的 shp 入库方法，入库后的空间数据类型是 SDO_GEOMETRY，而不是ST_GEOMETRY。该方法使用很简单，只需设定好对应的参数即可，可以直接通过命令行的形式使用:

Parameters
-h: Host machine with an existing Oracle database
-p: Port on the host machine (for example, 1521)
-s: SID (database name) on the host machine
-u: Database user
-d: Password for the database use
-t: Table name for the converted Shapefile
-f: File name of an input Shapefile (with or without extension)
-i: Column name for unique numeric ID, if required
-r: Valid Oracle SRID for coordinate system; use 0 if unknown
-g: Preferred SDO_GEOMETRY column name
-x: Bounds for the X dimension; use -180,180 if unknown
-y: Bounds for the Y dimension; use -90,90 if unknown
-o: Load tolerance fields (x and y) in metadata; if not specified, tolerance fields are 0.05
-a: Append Shapefile data to an existing table
-n: Start ID for column specified in -i parameter
-c: Commit interval; by default, commits occur every 1000 conversions and at the end
-v: Println interval; by default, a display every 10 conversions

oracle提供的用于操作 oracle spatial 的jar包位于 ORACLE_HOME/md/*，如下:

oracleplugin

http://docs.geotools.org/latest/userguide/library/jdbc/oracle.html

这是由geotools提供的专门连接并操作oracle 数据库的方法，使用该 Plugin可以很方便的基于oracle 创建图层、添加要素，但是遗憾的是，也是属于 oracle spatial，不过可以学习了解下，一个简单的连接数据库并基于一个shp图层创建一张空间表的示例如下:

private void oracle115(){
     Map params = new java.util.HashMap();
     params.put( "dbtype", "oracle");
     params.put( "host", "127.0.0.1");
     params.put( "port", 1521);
     params.put( "schema", "SCOTT");
     params.put( "database", "ORCL");
     params.put( "user", "scott");
     params.put( "passwd", "orcl");
     try {
         OracleNGDataStoreFactory factory=new OracleNGDataStoreFactory();
         DataStore dataStore = factory.createDataStore(params);
         String typeName = "DEMO";//dataStore.getTypeNames()[0]; // 文件名称
         FeatureSource<SimpleFeatureType, SimpleFeature> featureSource = null;
         featureSource = (FeatureSource<SimpleFeatureType, SimpleFeature>)dataStore.getFeatureSource(typeName);
         FeatureCollection<SimpleFeatureType, SimpleFeature> result = featureSource.getFeatures();
         SimpleFeatureType schema=result.getSchema();
         List<AttributeDescriptor> columns=schema.getAttributeDescriptors();
         FeatureIterator<SimpleFeature> itertor = result.features();
         while(itertor.hasNext()){
             SimpleFeature feature = itertor.next();
             System.out.print(feature.getID()+" ");
             for (AttributeDescriptor column : columns) {
                 String attribute = column.getName().toString();
                 System.out.print(attribute + ":" + feature.getAttribute(attribute) + "  ");
             }
         }
         itertor.close();
     } catch (Exception e) {
         e.printStackTrace();
     }
 }

基于已经连接的DataStore可以取得当前连接对象等，可以很方便的进行数据库操作，这个Plugin依赖如下的jar包:

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.geotools.jdbc</groupId>
    <artifactId>gt-jdbc-oracle</artifactId>
    <version>11.5</version>
</dependency>

利用maven配置依赖时，需要指定私服地址，在中央仓库中并没有这些资源，私服地址如下:

<repository>
   <id>osgeo</id>
    <name>Open Source Geospatial Foundation Repository</name>
    <url>http://download.osgeo.org/webdav/geotools/</url>
</repository>

arcsdeplugin

http://docs.geotools.org/latest/userguide/library/data/arcsde.html

这是Geotools 针对 arcsde 的方法，使用该插件与oracle plugin 类似，生成的空间数据类型是st_geometry ，是符合要求的，感觉基本上就是调用的 arcsde jdk for java 提供的方法，所以还需要使用到 arcsde 的jdk。其连接到srcsde服务的代码如下:

private static void arcsde(){
    Map map = new HashMap();
    map.put( "dbtype", "arcsde" );
    map.put( "server", "localhost" );
    map.put( "port", "5151" );
    map.put( "instance", "sde" );
    map.put( "user", "scott" );
    map.put( "password", "orcl" );
    try {
        ArcSDEDataStore dataStore=(ArcSDEDataStore) DataStoreFinder.getDataStore(map);
        File file = new File("C:\\Users\\chenyp\\Desktop\\tj\\data\\dk.shp");
        ShapefileDataStore shpDataStore = new ShapefileDataStore(file.toURI().toURL());
        FeatureSource<SimpleFeatureType, SimpleFeature> featureSource = (FeatureSource<SimpleFeatureType, SimpleFeature>)shpDataStore.getFeatureSource("DEMO");
        FeatureCollection<SimpleFeatureType, SimpleFeature> results = featureSource.getFeatures();
        dataStore.createSchema(shpDataStore.getSchema());
        ArcSdeFeatureStore arcSdeFeatureStore=new ArcSdeFeatureStore(null,dataStore);
        Transaction transaction=arcSdeFeatureStore.getTransaction();
        arcSdeFeatureStore.addFeatures(results);
        transaction.commit();
    } catch (Exception e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
}

arcsde服务连接到数据库，并基于某个图层创建空间表。不过在这里直接把图层里的feature 插入到刚刚创建的图层时还有点问题。主要是彼此之间的关系还没弄清楚，很多类都是保护型的，没法实例化，需要转来转去的。需要用到的依赖如下：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.geotools</groupId>
    <artifactId>gt-arcsde</artifactId>
    <version>11.5</version>
</dependency>

除此之外，还需要引入arcsde 的相关jar包。

Arcgis 工具 arcsde

调用arcsde提供的工具shp2sde(也是偶然想到既然有sdeservice 工具，会不会还有其它工具，一看果然还有好多有用的)。ArcSDE提供了很多工具，可以借助这些工具来完成相关的操作。在ArcCatalog 中带ui的功能，有一些通过命令行是可以完成的。shp2sde 就是用来完成shp入库的，而且效率很高。